Black and white photography is characterized by the absence of color, resulting in a grayscale image.

A red filter is often used in black and white photography to darken the sky, creating a more dramatic effect.

HDR (High Dynamic Range) is not a technique commonly used in black and white photography, as it aims to capture a wider range of tones and colors, which is not necessary in a grayscale image.

Tonal range refers to the range of tones from pure white to pure black in a black and white photograph.

Leading lines, rule of thirds, and negative space are all common composition techniques used in black and white photography to create visually appealing images.

Shooting in black and white offers several advantages, including reduced file size, simplified post-processing, and the ability to convey a stronger emotional impact.

APS-C is not a common black and white film format, as it is typically used in digital cameras.

Push processing refers to the intentional underexposure of a black and white photograph to achieve a higher contrast and grainier look.

Macro photography is not a common black and white photography subject, as it typically involves capturing close-up images with a shallow depth of field, which can be more challenging to achieve in black and white.

Pull processing refers to the intentional overexposure of a black and white photograph to achieve a lower contrast and smoother tonal range.

Green filters are not commonly used in black and white photography, as they tend to have a minimal effect on the image.

Desaturation, grayscaling, and monochroming are all terms used to describe the process of converting a color image to a black and white image.

Giclée printing is not a common black and white photography printing technique, as it typically involves printing color images.

Grainy photography, gritty photography, and textured photography are all terms used to describe the intentional use of grain in black and white photography.

GIMP is not a common black and white photography editing software, as it is primarily used for digital painting and image manipulation.