Portugal was the first European country to establish a permanent colony in Africa, with the capture of Ceuta in 1415.

The primary motivation for European powers to colonize Africa was economic, as they sought access to raw materials, markets, and cheap labor.

France acquired the largest amount of territory in Africa during the Scramble, with an empire that covered over 10 million square kilometers.

The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 was a meeting of European powers to divide up Africa, resulting in the establishment of spheres of influence and the recognition of colonial claims.

Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from European colonial rule, achieving independence from Britain in 1957.

The long-term consequences of the Scramble for Africa included ethnic conflict, economic inequality, and the creation of artificial borders that divided ethnic groups.

Belgium colonized the Congo Free State, which was a brutal and exploitative regime that resulted in the deaths of millions of Congolese people.

David Livingstone was a British explorer who played a key role in the exploration of Africa, particularly in the Zambezi River region.

France colonized Algeria, which became an important part of the French empire in North Africa.

Samuel Baker was a British explorer who reached the source of the Nile River in 1864.

England colonized Kenya, which became a key part of the British Empire in East Africa.

Hermann von Wissmann was a German explorer who explored the Congo River and played a key role in the establishment of German colonial rule in Africa.

Portugal colonized Angola, which became a key part of the Portuguese empire in Africa.

Bartolomeu Dias was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488.

England colonized the Gold Coast, which became a key part of the British Empire in West Africa.