A double bar is used to indicate the end of a musical section or the entire piece.

A quarter note represents one beat in most time signatures.

A clef assigns a specific pitch to a line or space on the staff, allowing musicians to read and play the correct notes.

A sharp symbol (#) is used to raise the pitch of a note by one half step.

In a 4/4 time signature, there are four beats in each measure.

A natural symbol (♮) is used to cancel the effect of a sharp or flat symbol and restore the original pitch of a note.

A half note represents two beats in most time signatures.

A flat symbol (b) is used to lower the pitch of a note by one half step.

A whole step consists of two half steps.

A double sharp symbol (x) is used to raise the pitch of a note by two half steps.

A whole note represents four beats in most time signatures.

A double flat symbol (bb) is used to lower the pitch of a note by two half steps.

A half step consists of one note.

A time signature is used to specify the number of beats in a measure and the value of each beat.

An eighth note represents half a beat in most time signatures.