ISRO's Space Sustainability and Environmental Impact initiative aims to ensure the long-term sustainability of space activities by addressing issues such as space debris, orbital congestion, and the environmental impact of space missions.

Orbital debris refers to the accumulation of defunct satellites, rocket bodies, and other debris in Earth's orbit, posing a significant risk to active satellites and space missions.

Improved space weather forecasting is not a potential consequence of orbital debris. Orbital debris can lead to collisions with active satellites, disruption of satellite communications, and increased risk of space accidents.

Orbital debris originates from various sources, including abandoned satellites, rocket bodies, collision fragments, and other space debris. These objects can remain in orbit for decades or even centuries, posing a threat to active satellites.

Space debris shields are not a method used to mitigate orbital debris. Active debris removal, passive debris removal, and collision avoidance maneuvers are commonly employed techniques to reduce the amount of orbital debris.

Rocket launches primarily contribute to air pollution by releasing various pollutants, including carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, into the atmosphere.

Improved air quality is not a potential consequence of air pollution from rocket launches. Air pollution from rocket launches can contribute to climate change, acid rain, and ozone depletion.

Climate engineering, also known as geoengineering, refers to the intentional modification of Earth's climate system to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Cloud seeding is not typically considered a method of climate engineering. Solar radiation management, carbon dioxide removal, and weather modification are commonly explored approaches to climate engineering.

Climate engineering faces a combination of ethical concerns, technological limitations, and economic costs. The potential unintended consequences and the difficulty in implementing these techniques on a large scale pose significant challenges.

Environmental degradation is not a potential benefit of space exploration. Space exploration can contribute to scientific knowledge, technological innovation, and economic development.

Space pollution refers to the potential negative impacts of space exploration on Earth's environment, including the introduction of contaminants, the disruption of natural processes, and the depletion of resources.

Natural space phenomena, such as solar flares and cosmic rays, are not considered sources of space pollution. Rocket launches, satellite deployment, and space debris are human-made sources that contribute to space pollution.

ISRO's Space Sustainability and Environmental Impact initiative aims to ensure the long-term sustainability of space activities by addressing issues such as space debris, orbital congestion, and the environmental impact of space missions.

Improved space weather forecasting is not a potential consequence of orbital debris. Orbital debris can lead to collisions with active satellites, disruption of satellite communications, and increased risk of space accidents.