Vehicular emissions, particularly from diesel engines, contribute significantly to air pollution in urban areas, releasing harmful pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide.

Smog, a type of air pollution, primarily consists of ozone, a highly reactive gas formed by the interaction of sunlight with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds.

Long-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a progressive lung disease that causes breathing difficulties.

Air deposition refers to the process by which air pollutants are removed from the atmosphere and deposited onto surfaces, including land, water, and vegetation.

Sulfur dioxide, released during the combustion of fossil fuels, is a major contributor to acid rain, a form of precipitation with high acidity levels that can harm ecosystems and infrastructure.

Cooking and heating appliances, particularly those that use fossil fuels, can release harmful pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter, contributing to indoor air pollution.

To reduce air pollution from vehicles, a combination of strategies is effective, including promoting electric vehicles, encouraging carpooling and public transportation, and implementing stricter emission standards for vehicles.

Air purification refers to the process by which air pollutants are transformed into less harmful substances through chemical reactions in the atmosphere, often involving sunlight and other atmospheric components.

Nitrogen dioxide, released during combustion processes, is a key precursor for the formation of ground-level ozone, a harmful air pollutant that can cause respiratory problems and damage vegetation.

Air advection refers to the process by which air pollutants are transported over long distances through the atmosphere, often carried by wind currents, leading to the spread of air pollution across regions.

To reduce indoor air pollution in homes, a combination of strategies is effective, including proper ventilation, using air purifiers, and avoiding smoking indoors.

Air emission refers to the process by which air pollutants are released into the atmosphere from various sources, such as industrial activities, vehicular exhaust, and natural processes.

Exposure to carbon monoxide can lead to a range of health effects, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, and neurological impairment, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.

Air dispersion refers to the process by which air pollutants are mixed and diluted in the atmosphere, often through wind currents and turbulence, leading to a reduction in their concentration.

To reduce air pollution from industrial activities, a combination of strategies is effective, including implementing stricter emission standards, promoting cleaner production technologies, and encouraging energy efficiency measures.