Marxism, developed by Karl Marx, focuses on the conflict between social classes and the role of economic factors in determining social structures and relationships.

Parsons' structural functionalist theory emphasizes the family's role in socializing individuals and transmitting cultural values and norms.

Symbolic interactionism, associated with George Herbert Mead, focuses on the subjective meanings and interactions individuals create and negotiate in social contexts.

Weber's theory emphasizes the subjective meanings and interpretations individuals attach to their actions and interactions, shaping social behavior.

Foucauldian theory, developed by Michel Foucault, examines the power dynamics and discursive practices that shape knowledge, subjectivity, and social control.

Feminist theory seeks to understand and critique the social construction of gender, its impact on individuals and society, and the ways in which gender intersects with other forms of social inequality.

Social network theory explores the patterns, structures, and dynamics of social networks and their influence on individual attitudes, behaviors, and opportunities.

Bourdieu's concept of habitus refers to the internalized dispositions, values, and practices that shape individuals' perceptions, actions, and interactions in social contexts.

Discourse theory, associated with Michel Foucault and other post-structuralist thinkers, examines how language and discourse construct social realities, power dynamics, and subjectivities.

Goffman's dramaturgical theory views social interactions as performances in which individuals present themselves to others in a strategic manner, shaping their social identities and relationships.

Cultural theory, associated with Clifford Geertz and others, explores the symbolic and interpretive dimensions of culture and their influence on social practices, beliefs, and values.

Rational choice theory assumes that individuals make decisions based on rational calculations of costs and benefits, seeking to maximize their utility or self-interest.

Structural functionalism, developed by Talcott Parsons and others, views society as a complex system of interconnected institutions and structures that perform essential functions for social stability and order.

Giddens' theory of structuration emphasizes the recursive relationship between social structures and human agency, where structures both shape and are shaped by individual actions and interactions.

Technological determinism posits that technological advancements drive social change and shape social structures, institutions, and cultural practices.