Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on the study of human strengths, well-being, and flourishing. It aims to understand and promote positive emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, as well as resilience and coping mechanisms.

Positive psychology identifies three main pillars of well-being: positive emotions, engagement, and meaning. Positive emotions refer to subjective experiences of happiness, joy, gratitude, and contentment. Engagement involves being fully absorbed in an activity, leading to a sense of flow and purpose. Meaning refers to the sense that one's life has a purpose and direction.

Flow is a state of intense focus and engagement in an activity, where one feels completely absorbed and loses track of time. It is often associated with a sense of joy, creativity, and accomplishment.

Gratitude, optimism, and self-control are all common strengths or virtues identified in positive psychology, which focus on promoting positive emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Envy, on the other hand, is a negative emotion that involves feeling resentment or jealousy towards someone else's achievements or possessions.

Optimism bias refers to the tendency for individuals to believe that they are less likely to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events than others. It is a cognitive bias that can lead to unrealistic expectations and decision-making.

Meditation, prayer, and mindfulness are all common spiritual practices that have been shown to have positive effects on well-being and flourishing. Materialism, on the other hand, is a focus on acquiring and possessing material goods and possessions, which is not typically associated with positive psychology.

Awe is a feeling of wonder and amazement at something vast, powerful, or beautiful. It is often associated with a sense of humility and insignificance in the face of the universe's grandeur.

Practicing gratitude has been shown to have numerous benefits, including increased happiness and well-being, improved relationships, and reduced stress and anxiety. Materialism, on the other hand, is not typically associated with positive outcomes and can actually lead to decreased well-being.

Purpose in life refers to the belief that one's life has a meaningful direction and goal. It is often associated with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction with one's life.

Building strong social connections, cultivating optimism, and engaging in regular exercise are all common strategies for promoting resilience in positive psychology. Ruminating on past negative experiences, on the other hand, is a maladaptive coping mechanism that can hinder resilience and well-being.

Resilience refers to the ability to adapt and bounce back from adversity, challenges, and setbacks. It involves the capacity to cope with stress, overcome obstacles, and maintain a positive outlook in the face of difficulties.

Flourishing individuals typically experience high levels of positive emotions, strong social connections, and a sense of purpose and meaning. Chronic stress and anxiety, on the other hand, are associated with decreased well-being and flourishing.

Negative bias refers to the tendency for individuals to pay more attention to and remember negative information compared to positive information. This cognitive bias can lead to a distorted view of reality and contribute to negative emotions and thoughts.

Gratitude journaling, mindfulness meditation, and positive affirmations are all common interventions used in positive psychology to promote well-being and flourishing. Rumination therapy, on the other hand, is a type of therapy that focuses on helping individuals to stop ruminating on negative thoughts and experiences.

External locus of control refers to the belief that one's life is controlled by external forces or circumstances, such as luck, fate, or other people. This belief can lead to feelings of helplessness and a lack of personal agency.