Gautama, also known as Akshapada Gautama, is widely regarded as the father of Indian logic due to his significant contributions to the Nyaya school of thought.

The Nyaya Sutras, composed by Gautama, serve as the foundational text of the Nyaya school of Indian logic and provide a systematic exposition of its principles and arguments.

Gautama, in his Nyaya Sutras, introduced the concept of 'anumana' or inference, which involves deriving a conclusion from a set of premises.

The Vaisheshika school of Indian logic, founded by Kanada, places a strong emphasis on perception and experience as sources of knowledge.

Kanada, the founder of the Vaisheshika school, proposed an atomic theory that postulates that all matter is composed of indivisible particles called 'paramanu'.

The Samkhya school of Indian logic, founded by Kapila, primarily explores the nature of consciousness, the self, and the relationship between the two.

Kapila, the founder of the Samkhya school, introduced the concept of the three gunas (sattva, rajas, and tamas) as fundamental qualities that influence the nature of reality.

The Yoga school of Indian logic, founded by Patanjali, places a strong emphasis on meditation, self-realization, and the attainment of spiritual liberation.

Patanjali, in his Yoga Sutras, outlined the eightfold path (ashtanga yoga) as a means to achieve spiritual liberation, encompassing ethical conduct, self-discipline, and meditation.

Post hoc ergo propter hoc is a logical fallacy that occurs when a conclusion is drawn based on the assumption that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.

Kapila, in his Samkhya Karika, introduced the concept of 'svabhava' or inherent nature, which refers to the essential and unchanging characteristics of substances.

Ad hominem is a logical fallacy that occurs when an argument is rejected based on the personal characteristics or beliefs of the person making the argument rather than on the merits of the argument itself.

Gautama, in his Nyaya Sutras, discussed the concept of 'pramana' or means of valid knowledge, outlining four main sources of knowledge: perception, inference, comparison, and testimony.

Straw man is a logical fallacy that occurs when an argument is misrepresented or distorted in order to make it easier to attack, rather than addressing the actual argument being made.

Gautama, in his Buddhist teachings, introduced the concept of 'nirvana' or the cessation of suffering, which is the ultimate goal of the Buddhist path.