Hieroglyphs were primarily used by the ancient Egyptians in their written communication.

Cuneiform was the primary writing system of ancient Mesopotamia, used by civilizations like the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians.

Papyrus, made from the stem of the papyrus plant, was a common material used by the Egyptians for writing hieroglyphs.

Clay tablets were the primary writing surface for cuneiform, which was inscribed using a stylus.

Hieroglyphs were primarily used in religious texts, such as the Book of the Dead, and for monumental inscriptions.

Cuneiform was used for various purposes, including administrative records, legal documents, and everyday communication.

Hieroglyphs often represented ideas or concepts directly through ideograms, rather than sounds.

Cuneiform characters represented syllables, allowing for a more phonetic writing system.

The Rosetta Stone contains the same text in hieroglyphs, Demotic, and Greek, which allowed scholars to decipher the hieroglyphic script.

The Epic of Gilgamesh is the oldest known written epic, providing valuable insights into Mesopotamian literature and culture.

Chinese characters are an example of a hieroglyphic script, where symbols represent ideas or concepts directly.

Japanese Kanji characters are an example of a cuneiform script, which originated from ancient Mesopotamia.

The decipherment of hieroglyphs and cuneiform provided valuable insights into the religious beliefs, political systems, and historical records of ancient civilizations.

Scholars faced challenges such as the lack of bilingual texts, incomplete or damaged inscriptions, and the absence of a living tradition when deciphering hieroglyphs and cuneiform.

Modern technologies like digital imaging, 3D scanning, and machine learning have aided in the study and preservation of ancient scripts by providing new methods for analysis and documentation.