The primary goal of social movement participation is to bring about social change by challenging existing structures and advocating for new policies or practices.

Volunteering and community service are typically not considered forms of social movement participation, as they do not directly aim to challenge existing structures or bring about social change.

Mobilization refers to the process by which individuals are motivated and organized to participate in social movements.

While education and income can sometimes be associated with higher levels of social movement participation, they are not typically considered to be primary factors.

Institutionalization refers to the process by which social movements become integrated into existing political and social institutions.

Public apathy and indifference are not typically considered to be common challenges faced by social movements.

Diffusion refers to the process by which social movements spread and gain support from new audiences.

Electoral politics and voting are not typically considered to be common strategies used by social movements to achieve their goals.

Demobilization refers to the process by which social movements are weakened or dismantled.

Social isolation and alienation are not typically considered to be common outcomes of social movement participation.

Adaptation refers to the process by which social movements adapt and change their strategies and goals over time.

Consumer movements are not typically considered to be a common type of social movement.

Legitimization refers to the process by which social movements gain legitimacy and support from the general public.

Government repression and surveillance are not typically considered to be factors that contribute to the success of social movements.

Socialization refers to the process by which social movements influence the behavior and attitudes of individuals and groups.