Agenda-setting theory proposes that the media has the power to influence the public's perception of what issues are important, by deciding which stories to cover and how to frame them.

Framing refers to the way in which the media presents information, including the selection of facts, the use of language, and the emphasis placed on certain aspects of a story.

Cultivation theory proposes that long-term exposure to media content can shape people's perceptions of the world, including their beliefs about social norms and values.

Spiral of silence theory suggests that people are less likely to express opinions that they believe are unpopular, for fear of social isolation or negative consequences.

Priming theory proposes that the media's coverage of an issue can activate certain associations in people's minds, which can then influence their voting behavior.

Political communication encompasses the use of media and technology to convey political messages to the public, with the aim of influencing public opinion or political outcomes.

Social media platforms have revolutionized the way political campaigns are conducted, allowing candidates to connect with voters directly and share their messages more widely.

Fake news refers to intentionally false or misleading information that is presented as news, often with the intent to deceive or manipulate the public.

Veracity is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of truthfulness and accuracy in political communication, requiring political actors to be honest and forthcoming with the public.

Microtargeting involves using personal data, such as demographics, interests, and online behavior, to tailor political messages to specific individuals or groups.

Privacy is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of protecting individuals' personal information and the right to control how it is used, including in the context of political communication.

Algorithmic bias refers to the tendency of social media algorithms to promote or suppress certain content based on factors such as user demographics, interests, or political views.

Transparency is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of openness and accountability in the use of media and technology in politics, requiring political actors to be transparent about their sources of funding, campaign strategies, and use of personal data.

Deepfake technology involves using artificial intelligence to create realistic but fake videos or images of political figures, often with the intent to deceive or manipulate the public.

Civic engagement is the ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of promoting active participation in the political process, including voting, volunteering, and advocating for change.