Retrograde signaling is a form of communication between neurons in which the postsynaptic neuron sends a signal back to the presynaptic neuron. This is in contrast to synaptic plasticity, which is a change in the strength of a synapse as a result of experience.

Glutamate is the primary neurotransmitter involved in long-term potentiation. When glutamate is released from the presynaptic neuron, it binds to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, causing an increase in the strength of the synapse.

The cerebellum is involved in motor coordination and balance, not learning and memory.

Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons are generated in the brain. This process occurs in two regions of the brain: the hippocampus and the subventricular zone.

Declarative learning is a type of memory that involves the conscious recall of facts and events. It is in contrast to procedural learning, which involves the acquisition of skills and habits.

The amygdala is a brain region that is involved in fear conditioning. When a person experiences a fear-provoking stimulus, the amygdala sends signals to other parts of the brain, which trigger a fear response.

Procedural memory is a type of memory that involves the acquisition of skills and habits. It is in contrast to declarative memory, which involves the conscious recall of facts and events.

The frontal lobe is a brain region that is involved in working memory. Working memory is a type of memory that allows us to hold information in our minds for a short period of time.

Epigenetic plasticity is a type of plasticity that involves changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. This type of plasticity is not typically associated with learning and memory.

The hippocampus is a brain region that is involved in spatial navigation. When a person navigates through a space, the hippocampus creates a mental map of the environment.

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It is not a learning disability.

Broca's area is a brain region that is involved in language processing. It is located in the frontal lobe of the brain.

Reconsolidation is a type of memory consolidation that occurs when a memory is reactivated and updated. This type of consolidation is not typically associated with learning and memory.

The nucleus accumbens is a brain region that is involved in reward processing. When a person experiences a rewarding stimulus, the nucleus accumbens releases dopamine, which produces a feeling of pleasure.

Constructivism is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of the learner in constructing knowledge. It is not typically associated with learning and memory.