Euclid is known as the father of geometry for his influential work, 'Elements', which laid the foundation for geometry and mathematics.

The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse (c) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides (a and b).

Archimedes' principle states that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

Apollonius of Perga was a Greek mathematician who made significant contributions to the study of conic sections, including the parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola.

The Method of Exhaustion, developed by Eudoxus and Archimedes, was used by the Greeks to approximate the value of pi by dividing a circle into smaller and smaller segments.

Zeno of Elea was a Greek philosopher who is known for his paradoxes, which challenged the concept of infinity and the idea of motion.

Phi, also known as the golden ratio, is an irrational number approximately equal to 1.618. It was studied by the Greeks and is often found in nature and art.

Archimedes is credited with developing the concept of the lever and the principle of moments, which is fundamental to the study of mechanics.

Hero of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician and engineer who developed the concept of the pulley, which is a simple machine used to lift objects.

Archimedes is credited with developing the concept of the screw, which is a simple machine used to lift water or other materials.

Menelaus of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician and astronomer who developed the concept of the sphere and its properties.

Apollonius of Perga was a Greek mathematician who developed the concept of the cylinder and its properties.

Apollonius of Perga was a Greek mathematician who developed the concept of the cone and its properties.

Menelaus of Alexandria was a Greek mathematician and astronomer who developed the concept of the torus and its properties.

Felix Klein was a German mathematician who developed the concept of the Klein bottle, a non-orientable surface with no boundary.