Life originated on Earth and spread to other planets.

Life originated on another planet and was transported to Earth.

Life originated simultaneously on multiple planets.

Life originated in a cosmic cloud and was dispersed throughout the universe.

Charles Darwin

Louis Pasteur

Svante Arrhenius

Francis Crick

The presence of organic molecules in meteorites and comets.

The similarity of life forms on different planets.

The vastness of the universe and the high probability of life existing elsewhere.

The lack of evidence for abiogenesis on Earth.

The harsh conditions of space would destroy any life forms.

The probability of life-bearing particles reaching Earth is extremely low.

There is no evidence of life existing on other planets.

Abiogenesis is a more plausible explanation for the origin of life on Earth.

The Panspermia Hypothesis provides an explanation for the origin of consciousness.

The origin of consciousness is unrelated to the Panspermia Hypothesis.

The Panspermia Hypothesis suggests that consciousness is a universal property of life.

The origin of consciousness is a mystery that cannot be explained by science.

The idea that life was deliberately seeded on Earth by an advanced alien civilization.

The idea that life originated on Earth and was later transported to other planets by natural processes.

The idea that life originated in a cosmic cloud and was dispersed throughout the universe.

The idea that life exists throughout the universe and can be transferred from one planet to another through various mechanisms.

The presence of organic molecules in meteorites and comets.

The similarity of life forms on different planets.

The discovery of ancient artifacts on Mars.

The existence of unexplained radio signals from space.

It is based on speculation and lacks scientific evidence.

It violates the principle of parsimony, which favors simpler explanations.

It requires the existence of an advanced alien civilization, which is unproven.

All of the above

The idea that life originated on Earth through natural processes.

The idea that life was brought to Earth from another planet.

The idea that life was created by a supernatural being.

The idea that life exists throughout the universe and can be transferred from one planet to another through various mechanisms.

The presence of organic molecules in meteorites and comets.

The similarity of life forms on different planets.

The discovery of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor.

All of the above

It is based on speculation and lacks scientific evidence.

It violates the principle of parsimony, which favors simpler explanations.

It requires the existence of a supernatural being, which is unproven.

None of the above

Comets

Asteroids

Interstellar dust

Black holes

An equation that estimates the number of extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy.

An equation that estimates the probability of life originating on a planet.

An equation that estimates the distance to the nearest extraterrestrial civilization.

An equation that estimates the age of the universe.

The number of stars in the galaxy.

The fraction of stars with planets.

The fraction of planets that are habitable.

The fraction of habitable planets that develop life.

The fraction of planets with life that develop intelligent life.

The fraction of planets with intelligent life that develop civilizations.

The fraction of civilizations that develop technology capable of communicating with us.

All of the above

The contradiction between the high probability of extraterrestrial life and the lack of evidence for it.

The contradiction between the vastness of the universe and the short history of human civilization.

The contradiction between the complexity of life and the simplicity of the laws of physics.

The contradiction between the existence of consciousness and the material nature of the universe.