Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life forms, including species, ecosystems, and genetic variation, that exist on Earth.

Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural expressions, beliefs, and practices that exist within a society, while the other options represent major types of biodiversity.

India is recognized as one of the world's megadiverse countries due to its exceptional richness in plant, animal, and endemic species.

The Gangetic Plain is not considered a biodiversity hotspot in India, while the other options represent recognized biodiversity hotspots.

Endemic species are those that are restricted to a specific geographic area and are not found anywhere else in the world.

The Nilgiri Tahr is an endemic species found in the Western Ghats of India, while the other options are found in other parts of Asia as well.

Sustainable development aims to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

While economic growth is often associated with sustainable development, it is not a key principle in itself. Sustainable development emphasizes the need to balance economic, social, and environmental considerations.

Sustainable use involves utilizing renewable resources in a manner that ensures their long-term availability.

Crop rotation is a sustainable agricultural practice that helps maintain soil fertility and reduce the risk of pests and diseases.

Ecological restoration aims to restore degraded ecosystems to their natural or original state, including the reestablishment of native species and ecological processes.

Project Tiger is an ecological restoration project aimed at conserving and protecting tiger populations and their habitats in India.

Community-based conservation involves the active participation of local communities in the conservation and management of natural resources.

Joint Forest Management Committees are examples of community-based conservation initiatives in India, where local communities are involved in the management of forest resources.

Mainstreaming biodiversity involves incorporating biodiversity conservation considerations into decision-making and planning processes across various sectors.