Resilience is the capacity of an individual to face and overcome challenges, bounce back from setbacks, and maintain a sense of well-being despite adversity.

Avoidance is generally not considered a healthy coping mechanism as it involves avoiding or ignoring the source of stress rather than addressing it.

Coping refers to the strategies and behaviors individuals employ to manage and adapt to stressful situations.

Pessimism is generally not associated with resilience as it involves a negative outlook and a tendency to expect negative outcomes.

Emotional regulation involves the ability to recognize, understand, and manage one's emotions, particularly in stressful situations.

Negative support refers to unhelpful or undermining social interactions that can hinder resilience.

Resilience involves the ability to adapt and thrive in the face of challenges, setbacks, and stressful life events.

Self-pity is generally not associated with resilience as it involves dwelling on negative emotions and focusing on one's misfortunes.

Hardiness refers to the ability to maintain a sense of control, commitment, and challenge in the face of adversity.

Substance abuse is generally not considered a healthy coping mechanism as it can lead to addiction and further problems.

Resilience involves the capacity to recover and bounce back from difficult experiences, maintaining a sense of well-being.

Positive life events, such as getting married or having a child, can also be sources of stress, although they are generally considered to be more positive than negative.

Resource mobilization involves actively seeking and utilizing resources, such as social support, financial assistance, or professional help, to cope with stress.

Resilience generally leads to positive outcomes, such as increased self-confidence and improved mental health, rather than increased vulnerability to stress.

Hardiness involves the ability to maintain a sense of control, commitment, and challenge in the face of adversity.