Praxiteles, a renowned Greek sculptor of the 4th century BCE, is credited with creating the "Venus de Milo", a masterpiece of Hellenistic art.

The Doric style is one of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture, known for its simple and robust columns with fluted shafts and a plain capital.

Vespasian, the Roman emperor from 69 to 79 CE, initiated the construction of the Colosseum, which became a symbol of Rome's grandeur and a venue for gladiatorial contests.

Giorgio Vasari, an Italian painter, architect, and writer of the 16th century, is regarded as the father of Western art history for his book "Lives of the Artists", which documented the lives and works of Renaissance artists.

Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" is one of the most iconic paintings in Western art, known for its enigmatic smile and the illusion of depth achieved through sfumato technique.

Renaissance architecture, which flourished in the 15th and 16th centuries, drew inspiration from classical antiquity and emphasized symmetry, proportion, and the use of classical elements such as columns, pediments, and arches.

Michelangelo's "Moses" is a monumental marble sculpture that captures the moment when Moses receives the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai, showcasing the artist's mastery of anatomy and emotional expression.

Baroque architecture, which emerged in the 17th and 18th centuries, is known for its elaborate ornamentation, curved forms, and dramatic contrasts of light and shadow, exemplified by works like the Church of Sant'Andrea della Valle in Rome.

Le Corbusier, a Swiss-French architect, is renowned for his pioneering work in modern architecture, including the design of the Villa Savoye and the Unité d'Habitation, which emphasized functionalism, open floor plans, and the integration of nature.

Van Gogh's "Starry Night" is an iconic work of Post-Impressionism, known for its vibrant colors, expressive brushstrokes, and the swirling night sky over the village of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.

Modernism in architecture, which gained prominence in the early 20th century, emphasized simplicity, functionality, and the use of new materials and technologies, as seen in works like the Bauhaus Dessau building in Germany.

Rodin's "The Thinker" is a bronze sculpture that captures a man in deep contemplation, symbolizing universal human thought and introspection, and is considered a masterpiece of modern sculpture.

Postmodernism in architecture, which gained prominence in the late 20th century, challenged the principles of modernism and embraced eclecticism, irony, and a playful mix of historical and contemporary elements.

Picasso's "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon" is a groundbreaking work of Cubism, known for its fragmented and distorted representation of human figures, challenging traditional notions of perspective and representation.

Sustainable architecture, which has gained prominence in the 21st century, emphasizes the use of environmentally friendly materials, energy-efficient design, and a focus on reducing the carbon footprint of buildings.