Galaxy rotation curves show that the observed velocities of stars in galaxies cannot be explained by the visible matter alone, suggesting the presence of additional mass, i.e., dark matter.

The hierarchical clustering theory proposes that galaxies form through the gradual merging and accretion of smaller structures, such as dark matter halos and gas clouds.

WIMPs are hypothetical particles that are massive but interact very weakly with ordinary matter, making them difficult to detect.

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that is believed to be responsible for the observed acceleration of the universe's expansion.

Galaxy clusters are the largest gravitationally bound structures in the universe and are believed to contain a significant amount of dark matter.

The Higgs boson is a fundamental particle that is believed to be responsible for giving mass to other particles.

Gravitational lensing allows astronomers to study the distribution of dark matter by observing how it bends light from distant objects.

Dark matter annihilation is a hypothetical process in which dark matter particles interact with each other and annihilate, producing detectable signals such as gamma rays or neutrinos.

LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is a planned space mission designed to detect and study gravitational waves, which could provide insights into the nature of dark matter.

Dark matter-baryon interaction refers to the hypothetical scenario in which dark matter particles interact with ordinary matter particles, such as protons and neutrons.

Dwarf galaxies are believed to be the smallest structures that can form through the hierarchical clustering of dark matter.

Dark matter decay refers to the hypothetical scenario in which dark matter particles decay into lighter particles, such as neutrinos or photons.

Galaxy cluster mergers are often used to study the properties of dark matter halos, as they provide a unique opportunity to probe the distribution and dynamics of dark matter.

Dark matter self-interaction refers to the hypothetical scenario in which dark matter particles interact with each other, potentially affecting the structure and dynamics of dark matter halos.

Galaxy redshift surveys are often used to study the evolution of galaxies by measuring the redshifts of galaxies, which provide information about their distances and velocities.