Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Nature propose that human traits and behaviors have evolved over time through natural selection, providing adaptive advantages in the ancestral environment.

Evolutionary theory posits that natural selection, the process by which traits that enhance survival and reproduction are passed on to offspring, is the primary driver of the evolution of human traits.

Human universals are traits, behaviors, and cognitive processes that are shared by all human cultures, suggesting an evolutionary basis.

Evolutionary psychology proposes that human behavior is influenced by evolved psychological mechanisms that were adaptive in the ancestral environment, such as mate selection strategies and parental care.

Kin selection proposes that altruistic behavior towards genetically related individuals (kin) can be adaptive, as it increases the chances of passing on shared genes.

Social cognition refers to the cognitive processes involved in understanding and interacting with others, such as recognizing emotions, interpreting intentions, and forming social bonds.

Sexual selection proposes that certain traits and behaviors evolve due to their role in attracting mates and increasing reproductive success.

Mate choice refers to the process by which individuals select partners for mating and reproduction, often influenced by evolved preferences for certain physical traits.

Parental investment theory proposes that the amount of care and resources parents invest in their offspring is influenced by evolutionary factors, such as the potential reproductive benefits and costs.

Social cooperation refers to the tendency of humans to work together and engage in mutually beneficial interactions, often driven by evolutionary pressures favoring group living.

Evolutionary linguistics explores the evolutionary origins and development of human language, proposing that language evolved as an adaptive trait to facilitate communication and cooperation.

Novelty preference refers to the human tendency to seek out and engage with new and unfamiliar stimuli, which may have evolved as an adaptive trait to promote exploration and learning.

The evolutionary psychology of emotions explores the evolutionary origins and functions of human emotions, proposing that emotions evolved as adaptive mechanisms to guide behavior and facilitate survival.

Social conformity refers to the human tendency to adjust their behavior and beliefs to match those of the group they belong to, which may have evolved as an adaptive trait to promote group cohesion and cooperation.

Cultural anthropology explores the role of culture and learning in shaping human behavior, emphasizing the diversity and variability of human cultures and the influence of cultural norms, values, and practices on individual behavior.