Mathematical Olympiads

Description: Mathematical Olympiads test the mathematical abilities of students at an advanced level. These questions are designed to challenge students' problem-solving skills, logical reasoning, and mathematical knowledge.
Number of Questions: 5
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Tags: mathematical olympiads problem solving logical reasoning advanced mathematics
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If (x^2 + y^2 = 25) and (x - y = 3), find the value of (x + y).

  1. 5

  2. 7

  3. 9

  4. 11


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

From (x - y = 3), we can express (x) as (x = y + 3). Substituting this into (x^2 + y^2 = 25), we get ((y + 3)^2 + y^2 = 25). Expanding and simplifying, we get (2y^2 + 6y + 9 = 25). Subtracting 9 from both sides, we get (2y^2 + 6y - 16 = 0). Factoring, we get ((2y - 4)(y + 4) = 0). Therefore, (y = 2) or (y = -4). If (y = 2), then (x = y + 3 = 2 + 3 = 5). Therefore, (x + y = 5 + 2 = 7). If (y = -4), then (x = y + 3 = -4 + 3 = -1). Therefore, (x + y = -1 + (-4) = -5). Since (x + y) cannot be negative, the correct answer is (7).

A farmer has 120 acres of land. He plants corn on (\frac{2}{5}) of the land, soybeans on (\frac{1}{3}) of the land, and wheat on the rest of the land. How many acres of land does he plant wheat on?

  1. 40

  2. 48

  3. 56

  4. 64


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The farmer plants corn on (120 \times \frac{2}{5} = 48) acres of land. He plants soybeans on (120 \times \frac{1}{3} = 40) acres of land. Therefore, he plants wheat on (120 - 48 - 40 = 32) acres of land.

A train leaves New York City at 10:00 AM and travels at a speed of 60 miles per hour. Another train leaves Chicago at 11:00 AM and travels towards New York City at a speed of 70 miles per hour. If the distance between New York City and Chicago is 900 miles, at what time will the two trains meet?

  1. 1:00 PM

  2. 2:00 PM

  3. 3:00 PM

  4. 4:00 PM


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The first train travels for 1 hour before the second train leaves. In that time, it travels (60 \times 1 = 60) miles. Therefore, the distance between the two trains at 11:00 AM is (900 - 60 = 840) miles. The two trains are traveling towards each other at a combined speed of (60 + 70 = 130) miles per hour. Therefore, they will meet in (840 \div 130 = 6.5) hours. Since the first train leaves at 10:00 AM, the two trains will meet at 10:00 AM + 6.5 hours = 4:30 PM.

A company has 100 employees. 60% of the employees are women, and 40% of the employees are men. If 20% of the women and 30% of the men are managers, how many managers does the company have?

  1. 22

  2. 24

  3. 26

  4. 28


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

There are (100 \times 0.60 = 60) women and (100 \times 0.40 = 40) men in the company. There are (60 \times 0.20 = 12) women managers and (40 \times 0.30 = 12) men managers. Therefore, the company has a total of (12 + 12 = 24) managers.

A rectangular garden has a length of (x) meters and a width of (y) meters. If the area of the garden is (100) square meters, what is the perimeter of the garden?

  1. (2x + 2y)

  2. (x + y)

  3. (2x - 2y)

  4. (x - y)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The area of a rectangle is given by (A = l \times w). Therefore, (100 = x \times y). The perimeter of a rectangle is given by (P = 2l + 2w). Substituting (x = \frac{100}{y}) into the formula for the perimeter, we get (P = 2 \left(\frac{100}{y}\right) + 2y = \frac{200}{y} + 2y = \frac{200 + 2y^2}{y}). Therefore, the perimeter of the garden is (\frac{200 + 2y^2}{y}).

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