D.D. Kosambi is widely recognized as a pioneer in the study of Indian social history. His work, particularly his book 'An Introduction to the Study of Indian History', challenged traditional historiographical approaches and emphasized the importance of social and economic factors in understanding Indian history.

The 'Cambridge School' of historiography refers to a group of historians associated with the University of Cambridge, England. They are known for their focus on the social and economic history of India, particularly during the colonial period.

The 'Subaltern Studies' approach emphasizes the agency and resistance of subaltern groups, such as peasants, workers, and women, in shaping Indian history. It challenges traditional historiographical narratives that focus on the actions of elites and ruling classes.

Edward Said's book 'Orientalism' (1978) was influential in critiquing the Western representations of the East, including India. He argued that these representations were constructed to maintain power and control over colonized peoples.

M.N. Srinivas was a renowned sociologist and anthropologist who conducted extensive research on the caste system in India. His work, including his book 'Caste in Modern India' (1962), provided valuable insights into the social and cultural dynamics of caste.

The 'peasant studies' approach in Indian social history encompasses all of the above aspects. It examines the role of peasants in historical events, their economic and social conditions, and their relationships with landlords and other social groups.

Mushirul Hasan, a prominent historian, is known for his work on communalism in Indian history. His book 'Communal and Pan-Islamic Trends in Colonial India' (1981) explored the role of communal ideologies and organizations in shaping Indian politics.

The 'gender studies' approach in Indian social history encompasses all of the above aspects. It investigates the role of women in shaping historical events, their social and cultural experiences, and the intersections between gender and other social categories such as caste, class, and religion.

Rajnarayan Chandavarkar is a historian who has extensively studied the history of the Indian working class. His book 'The Origins of Industrial Capitalism in India: Business Strategies and the Working Class in Bombay, 1900-1940' (1994) is a significant contribution to this field.

The 'environmental history' approach in Indian social history encompasses all of the above aspects. It examines the interactions between humans and their natural surroundings, the influence of environmental factors on historical events, and the role of environmental movements in shaping social and political change.

S. Bhattacharya is a historian who has extensively studied the history of Indian cities. His book 'Urban Development in India' (1973) is a comprehensive analysis of the social, economic, and political factors shaping Indian urban centers.

The 'cultural history' approach in Indian social history encompasses all of the above aspects. It investigates the role of culture in shaping historical events, the social and cultural experiences of different groups, and the intersections between culture and other social categories such as caste, class, and gender.

Bipan Chandra is a renowned historian who has extensively studied the history of Indian nationalism. His book 'India's Struggle for Independence' (1989) is a comprehensive analysis of the political, social, and economic factors that shaped the Indian independence movement.

The 'postcolonial studies' approach in Indian social history encompasses all of the above aspects. It examines the impact of colonialism on Indian society and culture, the legacies of colonialism in contemporary India, and the various forms of resistance employed by Indian people against colonial rule.

Sugata Bose is a historian who has extensively studied the history of the Indian diaspora. His book 'A Hundred Horizons: The Indian Diaspora and the World' (2006) explores the experiences and contributions of Indian migrants around the world.