Groundwater is the primary source of water in deserts, as it is stored beneath the surface and can be accessed through wells or boreholes.

Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to make it drinkable. This can be done through various methods, including reverse osmosis and distillation.

Cisterns are traditional underground storage tanks used to collect and store rainwater in deserts. They are typically made of stone, concrete, or metal.

Windbreaks are rows of trees or shrubs planted to slow down wind speed and reduce soil erosion in deserts. They help to trap wind-blown sand and create a more favorable microclimate for plant growth.

Water scarcity in deserts can lead to desertification, which is the process of land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions. Desertification can result in the loss of vegetation, soil erosion, and the displacement of people.

Condensation is the process by which water vapor in the air condenses on cool surfaces in deserts. This can occur on rocks, plants, or even human skin.

Fog fences are large nets used to capture water droplets from fog in deserts. They are typically made of plastic or nylon mesh and can collect significant amounts of water.

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves. This process helps to regulate the plant's temperature and contributes to the water cycle.

An aquifer is an underground layer of rock or soil that contains water. Aquifers are important sources of water in deserts, as they can store large amounts of water that can be accessed through wells or boreholes.

Zai pits are shallow pits dug in the desert to collect rainwater. They are typically filled with organic matter, such as manure or compost, to help retain moisture and improve soil fertility.

Drip irrigation is a water-efficient irrigation system that delivers water directly to the roots of plants through a network of pipes and emitters. This method reduces water evaporation and helps to conserve water.

Evapotranspiration is the process by which water is removed from the soil by evaporation and plant transpiration. This process is important for the water cycle and helps to regulate the Earth's climate.

Xerophytes are plants that are adapted to survive in desert conditions. They have various adaptations, such as thick cuticles, reduced leaves, and deep roots, that help them to conserve water and survive in arid environments.

Infiltration is the process by which water is stored in the soil. This process occurs when water from the surface seeps into the soil through pores and cracks.