Run-of-the-river systems use the natural flow of a river to generate electricity, without creating a reservoir.

The turbine is the component that converts the kinetic energy of the water into mechanical energy.

Hydropower can have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems by destroying habitat and disrupting fish migration.

Pumped-storage hydropower systems can store energy by pumping water uphill when there is excess electricity and then releasing the water downhill to generate electricity when needed.

Impoundment hydropower systems can cause flooding upstream of the dam, which can displace people and wildlife.

The maximum theoretical efficiency of a hydropower plant is 70%, due to losses from friction and other inefficiencies.

The average capacity factor of a hydropower plant is around 40%, meaning that it operates at an average of 40% of its maximum capacity.

Hydropower plants can have a lifespan of over 100 years, making them a long-term investment.

The cost of hydropower is typically around $20 per MWh, making it a relatively inexpensive form of renewable energy.

Hydropower has the potential to provide up to 30% of global electricity, making it a significant source of renewable energy.

The primary challenge of hydropower is its environmental impacts, including habitat destruction and disruption of fish migration.

The primary benefit of hydropower is that it is a renewable source of energy, meaning that it does not produce greenhouse gases.

The future of hydropower is expected to be increasing, as more countries invest in renewable energy sources.

The efficiency of a hydropower plant is affected by a number of factors, including the height of the water drop, the volume of water flowing through the turbine, and the efficiency of the turbine itself.

Hydropower can have a number of environmental impacts, including habitat destruction, water pollution, and climate change.