Public schools in the US are generally funded through local property taxes, state aid, and federal grants. Tuition fees are not a primary source of revenue for public schools.

School finance equalization formulas serve multiple purposes, including ensuring equal access to quality education, distributing state aid based on need, and reducing reliance on local property taxes.

The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) prohibits discrimination in the allocation of federal funds for education based on race, color, national origin, sex, disability, or religion.

Property tax levy is the term used to describe the process by which local governments impose taxes on property owners to generate revenue for public schools and other local services.

Voucher systems, while sometimes discussed, are not a common type of school funding mechanism in the United States. Flat grants, foundation grants, and power equalizing grants are more common.

School budgeting serves multiple purposes, including allocating resources, ensuring compliance with legal and financial constraints, and tracking and monitoring spending.

Capital improvements, such as new school buildings or major renovations, are typically funded through separate bond measures or capital projects, rather than being included in the annual school district budget.

Performance-based budgeting is a process that links school funding to specific performance outcomes or goals.

Surplus funds are typically not a challenge for school districts, as they often struggle to meet their financial obligations.

School finance reform efforts aim to achieve multiple goals, including improving education quality, ensuring equitable funding, and increasing accountability and transparency.

Providing tax credits for private school tuition is not a common strategy for addressing school funding disparities, as it does not directly benefit public schools.

State aid is the term used to describe the practice of using state funds to supplement local property tax revenue for school funding.

Homeschooling is not a school choice program in the traditional sense, as it involves parents educating their children at home rather than sending them to a public or private school.

Weighted student funding is the term used to describe the process of allocating school funding based on student characteristics that are associated with higher costs or needs.

State aid is not a common source of revenue for private schools, as they are typically funded through tuition fees, endowments, and donations.