Meghnad Saha's pioneering work on stellar atmospheres and ionization processes laid the foundation for modern astrophysics in India.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar's groundbreaking work on the theory of black holes and white dwarfs earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983.

The Saha equation establishes the relationship between the temperature of a gas and the degree of ionization of its atoms.

The Chandrasekhar limit is a critical mass above which a white dwarf star becomes unstable and undergoes a catastrophic collapse, leading to a supernova explosion.

Homi J. Bhabha's work on cosmic rays and the theory of elementary particles earned him international recognition and established India as a major player in high-energy physics.

Aditya-L1 is India's first dedicated solar mission, designed to study the Sun's corona and provide valuable insights into solar activity and its impact on Earth.

B. Pontecorvo, an Italian-born physicist who worked in India, proposed the theory of neutrino oscillations, which explains the phenomenon of neutrinos changing their flavor as they travel.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope is a high-altitude optical telescope located in Uttarakhand, India, known for its exceptional observing conditions and contributions to astrophysical research.

C. V. Vishveshwara made significant contributions to the theory of gravitational waves, including his work on the Vishveshwara metric, which describes the gravitational field of a rotating black hole.

Astrosat is India's first dedicated space observatory, designed to study X-ray sources such as black holes, neutron stars, and active galactic nuclei.

T. W. B. Kibble, a British-born physicist who worked in India, is known for his work on the theory of cosmic strings, which are hypothetical one-dimensional objects predicted by some theories of particle physics.

The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescope is a gamma-ray observatory located in Rajasthan, India, designed to study high-energy gamma rays from cosmic sources.

Sandip K. Chakrabarti is known for his work on the theory of black hole accretion disks, which are regions of intense gas and radiation surrounding black holes.

GSAT-17 is an Indian satellite launched in 2018, primarily designed to study the Earth's magnetosphere and provide valuable insights into space weather and its impact on Earth's systems.

R. K. Pathria is known for his work on the theory of gravitational lensing, which describes the bending of light around massive objects due to their gravitational fields.