Chlorine is a widely used chemical disinfectant due to its strong oxidizing properties and ability to kill a wide range of microorganisms.

Ultraviolet light disinfection works by damaging the DNA of microorganisms through the absorption of high-energy photons.

Ozonation involves the injection of ozone gas into water, which acts as a powerful oxidant and disinfectant.

Reverse osmosis primarily removes physical contaminants and dissolved solids, but it does not directly improve the taste and odor of water.

Chloramines produce fewer disinfection byproducts compared to chlorine, making them a more environmentally friendly option.

Ozonation is highly effective in inactivating Cryptosporidium and Giardia, which are protozoan parasites resistant to chlorine disinfection.

Ultraviolet light has a limited penetration depth in water, making it less effective in disinfecting large volumes or turbid water.

Chlorination is widely used in swimming pools and spas due to its effectiveness, affordability, and ease of application.

Reverse osmosis effectively removes a wide range of chemical contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals.

Chlorination is the most widely used disinfection technology in large-scale water treatment plants due to its cost-effectiveness and broad-spectrum efficacy.

Chloramines have a slower disinfection rate compared to chlorine, making them less effective in certain applications.

Ultraviolet light disinfection is highly effective in inactivating viruses due to its ability to damage their genetic material.

Ozonation produces fewer disinfection byproducts compared to chlorine, making it a more environmentally friendly option.

Ultraviolet light disinfection is commonly used in point-of-use water treatment devices due to its compactness, ease of installation, and effectiveness against a wide range of microorganisms.