Consciousness refers to the subjective awareness of one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences.

Dualism posits that the mind and the body are two separate substances, with the mind being non-physical and the body being physical.

Cognition encompasses the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding, such as thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.

Attention is the cognitive process that allows us to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.

Perception refers to the process of acquiring, interpreting, and organizing sensory information from the environment.

Materialism posits that the mind is a product of the brain and that mental processes are physical processes that occur in the brain.

Memory refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and retrieving information.

Language is the cognitive process that allows us to communicate and represent ideas using symbols.

Reasoning refers to the cognitive process of using logic and evidence to solve problems and make decisions.

Functionalism posits that the mind is a set of functional states that can be realized by different physical systems, such as the brain.

Executive function refers to the cognitive processes involved in planning, organizing, and carrying out actions.

Language is the cognitive process that allows us to understand and produce language.

Learning refers to the cognitive processes involved in acquiring new knowledge and skills.

Social constructivism posits that the mind is a product of social interactions and that mental processes are shaped by cultural and social factors.

Emotion refers to the subjective experience of feelings and their associated physiological and behavioral changes.