The primary driver of polar ice cap melting is the increase in global temperatures caused by human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels.

The Arctic is warming at a rate that is twice as fast as the global average, making it one of the most rapidly changing regions on Earth.

Arctic sea ice decline refers to the long-term reduction in the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, particularly during the summer months.

The Western Hudson Bay polar bear subpopulation has experienced significant declines due to the loss of sea ice, which is their primary hunting platform.

The loss of sea ice due to climate change has reduced the availability of suitable breeding and feeding habitats for Adélie penguins, leading to population declines.

The Antarctic Treaty System is a collection of international agreements that govern human activity in Antarctica, including measures to protect the environment and its wildlife.

The Ross Sea Marine Protected Area, covering over 2 million square kilometers, is the largest marine protected area in the world and provides critical habitat for various marine species.

Emperor penguins are found exclusively in Antarctica, where they breed and raise their young on the sea ice during the harsh winter months.

Polar bear catabolism refers to the physiological process by which polar bears break down their own body tissues for energy during periods of food scarcity, particularly during the summer months when sea ice is limited.

Walruses are found primarily in the Arctic, where they rely on sea ice for resting, breeding, and feeding.

SCAR is the leading international scientific organization dedicated to promoting and coordinating scientific research in Antarctica.

Arctic foxes are found primarily in the Arctic, where they play an important role in the tundra ecosystem.

The loss of sea ice due to climate change is the primary threat to polar bears, as it reduces their hunting and breeding opportunities and disrupts their traditional migration patterns.

Reindeer are found primarily in the Arctic, where they play an important role in the tundra ecosystem and are culturally significant to indigenous communities.

The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015, that aims to limit global warming and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.