Health equity is the absence of avoidable or remediable differences among groups of people, whether those groups are defined socially, economically, demographically, or geographically. It is a broader concept than health equality, which refers to the absence of differences in health outcomes among groups of people.

Social and economic factors, such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to education and health care, are the main causes of health disparities. These factors can lead to differences in health outcomes, such as higher rates of chronic diseases, infant mortality, and premature death.

Research plays a critical role in addressing health disparities by identifying the causes of health disparities, developing and testing interventions to reduce health disparities, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to reduce health disparities, and informing policy and practice to address health disparities.

There are a number of challenges in conducting health equity research, including lack of data on health disparities, difficulty in recruiting participants from underserved populations, bias in research methods and instruments, and lack of funding for health equity research.

Health equity research can inform policies and programs to address the social and economic causes of health disparities, interventions to reduce health disparities, and changes in the way health care is delivered.