Paleoceanography is a branch of oceanography that focuses on the study of ancient oceans, including their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

Biogenic sediment is formed from the accumulation of the skeletal remains of marine organisms, such as diatoms, foraminifera, and coccoliths.

Sedimentation is the process by which marine sediments are deposited and accumulate on the ocean floor.

Ooze is a type of marine sediment that is composed of the skeletal remains of microscopic marine organisms, such as diatoms and coccoliths.

Marine terraces are formed primarily by wave erosion, which gradually cuts into the coastline and creates a series of elevated platforms.

Beach ridges are formed by the accumulation of sand and gravel in a beach environment, typically as a result of wave action.

Lithification is the process by which marine sediments are transformed into sedimentary rocks through a combination of compaction, cementation, and other physical and chemical processes.

Mud is a type of marine sediment that is primarily composed of clay minerals, along with other fine-grained particles.

Paleoceanography is the study of ancient marine environments and their associated sedimentary deposits, providing insights into past climate conditions and ocean circulation patterns.

Hydrogenous sediment is formed from the chemical precipitation of minerals from seawater, such as manganese nodules and phosphorites.

Turbidity currents are powerful underwater currents that transport and deposit marine sediments, often forming submarine canyons and fans.

Cosmogenic sediment is formed from the accumulation of extraterrestrial material, such as volcanic ash and micrometeorites.

Sedimentology is the study of the physical and chemical properties of marine sediments, including their composition, texture, and structure.

Sand is a type of marine sediment that is primarily composed of sand-sized particles, typically ranging from 0.0625 to 2 millimeters in diameter.

Sorting is the process by which marine sediments are sorted and deposited according to their size and density, typically resulting in the formation of distinct layers.