The primary objective of valuation of goods under the Central Excise Law is to determine the assessable value of goods for the purpose of levying excise duty, ensure uniformity in the valuation of goods across different regions, and protect the interests of both the government and the taxpayers.

Section 4 of the Central Excise Act, 1944 deals with the valuation of goods.

The basic principle of valuation under the Central Excise Law is transaction value, which is the price actually paid or payable for the goods when sold in the ordinary course of trade.

In the absence of a transaction value, the cost of production is used as the method of valuation.

The formula for calculating the cost of production is Cost of raw materials + Cost of labor + Cost of overheads.

Assessable value is the value of goods before excise duty is levied, while value for duty is the value of goods after excise duty is levied.

The factors that affect the valuation of goods include the nature of goods, quantity of goods, place of sale, time of sale, and other relevant factors.

The role of the Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) in the valuation of goods includes issuing guidelines and instructions on the valuation of goods, adjudicating disputes related to the valuation of goods, and providing training to officers on the valuation of goods.

The consequences of undervaluation of goods include imposition of penalty, confiscation of goods, or both penalty and confiscation of goods.

The time limit for filing an appeal against an order of the Central Excise Officer is 90 days.

The role of the Appellate Tribunal in the valuation of goods is to hear appeals against orders of the Central Excise Officer.

The recent amendments made to the Central Excise Act, 1944 with respect to the valuation of goods include the introduction of the concept of 'normal value', revision of the formula for calculating the cost of production, and inclusion of new factors to be considered while valuing goods.

The valuation of goods under the Central Excise Law differs from the valuation of goods under the Customs Act in the following ways: (1) The Central Excise Law focuses on the assessable value of goods, while the Customs Act focuses on the value for duty. (2) The Central Excise Law uses the transaction value as the primary basis for valuation, while the Customs Act uses the cost of production. (3) The Central Excise Law provides for a wider range of methods of valuation than the Customs Act.

The challenges faced in the valuation of goods under the Central Excise Law include lack of uniformity in the valuation of goods across different regions, difficulty in determining the transaction value of goods, and complexity of the valuation process.

The measures that can be taken to improve the valuation of goods under the Central Excise Law include providing clear and concise guidelines on the valuation of goods, training officers on the valuation of goods, and promoting self-assessment by taxpayers.