The political psychology of social movements and activism primarily focuses on understanding the psychological processes and factors that motivate individuals to participate in social movements and engage in activist behaviors.

The Emotion-Based Theory of Collective Action posits that emotions, particularly anger, fear, and hope, play a crucial role in motivating individuals to participate in social movements.

Social Identity Theory suggests that individuals' sense of belonging to a social group, and their identification with that group's goals and values, influences their behavior, including their participation in social movements.

Resource Mobilization Theory emphasizes the importance of financial resources in enabling social movements to organize, mobilize, and sustain their activities.

Political Opportunity Theory argues that social movements are more likely to arise and gain momentum when political opportunities are limited or constrained, creating a sense of urgency and motivating individuals to mobilize for change.

Frame alignment refers to the ability of a social movement to effectively communicate its message and goals to the public in a way that resonates with their values and concerns, thereby gaining support and legitimacy.

Collective efficacy refers to the shared belief among movement participants that they can collectively achieve their goals through concerted action, even in the face of obstacles and setbacks.

Recruitment refers to the process by which individuals are brought into a social movement, often through personal connections, social networks, or targeted outreach efforts.

Social Identity Theory emphasizes the role of group identification and solidarity in motivating individuals to participate in social movements, as they seek to defend or promote the interests of their social group.

Policy advocacy refers to the efforts of social movements to influence public policy and decision-making by engaging with policymakers, lobbying for specific policies, and raising public awareness about issues.

Relative deprivation refers to the perception that one's social or economic status is unfairly disadvantaged compared to others, which can lead to feelings of injustice and motivate individuals to engage in collective action.

Resource mobilization refers to the process by which social movements acquire and allocate resources, such as financial support, volunteers, and expertise, to carry out their activities and achieve their goals.

Political Opportunity Theory suggests that social movements are more likely to succeed when political conditions are favorable, such as when there is a receptive political climate, weak or divided opposition, and opportunities for policy change.

Public relations refers to the efforts of social movements to communicate their message and goals to the general public, build support, and shape public opinion in their favor.

Burnout refers to the emotional and physical exhaustion experienced by activists and movement participants, which can lead to decreased motivation, reduced participation, and ultimately the decline of the movement.