The Arthashastra, written by Kautilya in the 4th century BCE, contains a section on environmental protection and resource management, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices and the preservation of natural resources.

Ahimsa is a central tenet in Indian philosophy, particularly in Jainism and Buddhism, and it emphasizes the principle of non-violence and compassion towards all living beings.

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, one of the oldest Upanishads, contains the phrase "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam", which expresses the interconnectedness and unity of all beings.

In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna teaches the principle of nishkama karma, which involves performing actions without attachment to the fruits of those actions, free from desire, ego, and personal motives.

Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher, is credited with developing the concept of deep ecology, which emphasizes the inherent value of all living beings and the need for a radical shift in our relationship with the natural world.

Maya is a key concept in Advaita Vedanta, a school of Indian philosophy, and it refers to the illusory nature of the phenomenal world and the ultimate reality of the Brahman, the universal consciousness.

Rabindranath Tagore, a renowned poet, writer, and philosopher, was a strong advocate for environmental protection and sustainable living, emphasizing the interconnectedness of humans and nature.

Dravya is a fundamental category in Nyaya-Vaisheshika philosophy, referring to the underlying substance or essence of an object that remains unchanged despite its qualities and actions.

Acharya Vinoba Bhave, a prominent Gandhian leader, introduced the concept of sarvodaya, emphasizing the importance of working towards the welfare and upliftment of all members of society, including marginalized and disadvantaged groups.

Karma is a central concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and it refers to the intentional actions of an individual that have consequences in the present and future lives.

Nāgārjuna, a renowned Buddhist philosopher, introduced the concept of anātman, which negates the idea of a permanent, unchanging self and emphasizes the impermanence and interconnectedness of all phenomena.

Moksha is a central goal in Indian philosophy, particularly in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and it refers to the ultimate liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, leading to a state of enlightenment and spiritual freedom.

Mahatma Gandhi, a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement, developed the concept of satya-agraha, which emphasizes the power of truth and non-violent resistance as a means of achieving social and political change.

Dharma is a multifaceted concept in Indian philosophy, encompassing duty, righteousness, moral obligations, and the cosmic order that governs the universe.

Mahatma Gandhi, a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement, emphasized the principle of ahimsa-paramo-dharma, advocating for non-violence as the highest moral duty and the foundation for a just and peaceful society.