Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the first person to develop the concept of zero as a mathematical symbol.

Lilavati, written by Bhaskara II in the 12th century, is an ancient Indian mathematical text that covers various topics including arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and astronomy. It contains concepts such as the Fibonacci sequence and Pascal's triangle.

Brahmagupta, in addition to his contributions to the concept of zero, is also known for his work on indeterminate equations and the development of the chakravala method, a cyclic algorithm for solving certain types of Diophantine equations.

Brahmagupta, once again, stands out as the mathematician who developed the concept of negative numbers. He also provided rules for performing arithmetic operations involving negative numbers.

Aryabhata, a renowned Indian mathematician and astronomer, is credited with developing the decimal system, which revolutionized the way numbers are represented and calculated.

The Sulba Sutras, a collection of ancient Indian texts, contain mathematical concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem and the concept of irrational numbers. These texts were used by ancient Indian mathematicians to solve geometrical problems related to altar construction.

Bhaskara II, in addition to his contributions to Lilavati, is also known for his work on combinatorics and the development of the Pascal's triangle. He used combinatorial techniques to solve problems related to permutations and combinations.

The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred Hindu text, contains philosophical concepts that touch upon mathematical ideas such as the concept of infinity and the idea of transfinite numbers. These concepts are discussed in the context of the nature of Brahman, the ultimate reality.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, a 14th-century Indian mathematician and astronomer, is known for his work on calculus and the development of the mean value theorem. He also made significant contributions to trigonometry and infinite series.

The Brahmasphuta Siddhanta, written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century, contains mathematical concepts such as the concept of limits and the idea of convergence. These concepts are discussed in the context of astronomical calculations.

Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, is credited with developing the sieve of Eratosthenes, a method for finding prime numbers. However, it is believed that Indian mathematicians were aware of this method even before Eratosthenes.

The Yuktibhasa, written by Jyesthadeva in the 16th century, contains mathematical concepts such as the concept of derivatives and the idea of integration. These concepts are discussed in the context of solving geometrical problems.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, a 20th-century Indian mathematician, is known for his work on probability and the development of the binomial theorem. He also made significant contributions to number theory and mathematical analysis.

The Ganita Sara Sangraha, written by Mahavira in the 9th century, contains mathematical concepts such as the concept of matrices and the idea of determinants. These concepts are discussed in the context of solving algebraic equations.

Amartya Sen, a 20th-century Indian economist and philosopher, is known for his work on mathematical economics and the development of the concept of utility. He also made significant contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory.