The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from around 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE.

The Vedic period, spanning from around 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, is named after the Vedas, a collection of sacred texts, with the Rigveda being the oldest and most significant.

Ashoka, the grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, ascended to the throne in 268 BCE and is renowned for his conversion to Buddhism and his policy of non-violence.

The Gupta Empire, ruling from the 4th to the 6th century CE, is considered a golden age in Indian history, marked by significant advancements in various fields.

The Tughlaq Dynasty, founded by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, succeeded the Delhi Sultanate and ruled over much of North India from 1320 to 1413 CE.

Akbar, the third Mughal emperor, reigned from 1556 to 1605 CE and is widely regarded as one of the greatest rulers in Indian history, known for his religious tolerance and administrative reforms.

Peshwa Bajirao I, who served as the Prime Minister of the Maratha Empire from 1720 to 1740 CE, is renowned for his military leadership and conquests, expanding the empire's territory significantly.

Queen Elizabeth I granted a royal charter to the British East India Company in 1600, allowing it to trade with the East Indies and marking the beginning of British influence in India.

The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay (present-day Mumbai) on December 28, 1885, by a group of Indian intellectuals and political leaders.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in Amritsar, Punjab, on April 13, 1919, when British troops fired on a peaceful gathering of unarmed Indian civilians, resulting in hundreds of casualties.

The Indian Independence Act, which led to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan, was passed by the British Parliament in 1947.

The Constitution of India was drafted by the Constituent Assembly of India, a body elected by the members of the provincial assemblies in 1946.

M.S. Swaminathan, known as the 'Father of the Green Revolution in India,' played a pivotal role in introducing high-yielding varieties of crops and modern agricultural practices, leading to increased food production.

The Pokhran-II nuclear tests, a series of five nuclear explosions conducted by India in May 1998, were a significant milestone in the country's nuclear program.

The Right to Information Act, a landmark legislation promoting transparency and accountability in governance, was enacted in India in 2005.