Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Dziga Vertov were all prominent Soviet filmmakers and theorists who contributed to the development of early film criticism. James Agee, on the other hand, was an American film critic and poet who emerged as a major figure in the mid-20th century.

Early film criticism encompassed a wide range of topics, including technical analysis, artistic evaluation, and social and cultural commentary. Critics sought to understand the unique qualities of the medium and its potential for expression, while also considering the impact of films on society.

Formalism, structuralism, and auteur theory are all major schools of thought in film criticism that emerged in the 20th century. Postmodernism, on the other hand, is a broader intellectual and cultural movement that has influenced various fields, including film criticism, but it is not a specific school of thought within film criticism.

Andre Bazin was a French film critic and theorist who is widely credited as the father of auteur theory. He argued that the director is the primary creative force behind a film and that their unique vision and style can be identified across their body of work.

Jean-Luc Godard, Francois Truffaut, and Claude Chabrol were all prominent French film critics and directors associated with the French New Wave movement. Roger Ebert was an American film critic who is not associated with the French New Wave.

During the 1960s and 1970s, film criticism increasingly focused on examining the social and cultural impact of films. Critics sought to understand how films reflected and shaped societal values, norms, and beliefs.

The rise of online film criticism, the increasing diversity of film critics, and the focus on identity politics in film analysis are all major contemporary trends in film criticism. The decline of print film criticism is not a trend, as print film criticism continues to exist alongside online film criticism.

The primary role of a film critic is to provide an objective assessment of a film, interpret and analyze its meaning and significance, and recommend or discourage viewers from watching a film. Critics aim to inform, educate, and entertain their readers by offering their unique perspectives on films.

Formal analysis, narrative analysis, and genre analysis are all common methods used in film criticism to examine the structure, content, and style of films. Audience reception analysis, on the other hand, is not a common method in film criticism, as it focuses on the reactions and interpretations of audiences, which can be highly subjective and variable.

Film criticism plays a significant role in helping filmmakers improve their craft, assisting audiences in making informed decisions about which films to watch, and contributing to the cultural and historical understanding of cinema. It provides a platform for critical analysis, discussion, and debate, enriching the overall experience and appreciation of films.