Natural gas is not a major type of ocean pollutant, as it is a gaseous hydrocarbon that dissipates into the atmosphere rather than accumulating in the marine environment.

Offshore drilling activities, including exploration, production, and transportation, are the primary source of oil pollution in the oceans.

Microplastics, which are small plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, are the most prevalent type of plastic pollution in the oceans, accounting for a significant portion of the total plastic waste.

Industrial wastewater discharges, particularly from industries such as metal processing, mining, and manufacturing, are the primary source of heavy metal pollution in the oceans.

Sea turtles are particularly vulnerable to entanglement in plastic debris, as they often mistake floating plastic bags or other debris for food, leading to ingestion or entanglement, which can cause injury or death.

Oil spills primarily cause habitat destruction in marine ecosystems, as the oil can coat and smother marine life, contaminate sediments, and disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem.

Microplastics, due to their small size and resemblance to plankton, are often ingested by marine animals, including fish, seabirds, and marine mammals, mistaking them for food, which can lead to various health issues.

Fertilizers, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus-based fertilizers used in agriculture, are the main source of agricultural runoff pollution in the oceans, as they can be carried by rainwater into waterways and eventually reach the marine environment.

Whales, particularly certain species such as pilot whales and killer whales, are known to accumulate high levels of mercury in their tissues, primarily through the consumption of contaminated prey.

Heavy metal pollution can have various adverse effects on marine organisms, including neurological damage, reproductive impairment, immune system dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to cancer.

Plastic bags are often found in large quantities on beaches and coastlines, as they are lightweight and easily carried by wind and currents, contributing to marine pollution and posing a threat to marine life.

Municipal wastewater, which includes sewage from households, businesses, and institutions, is the primary source of sewage pollution in the oceans, as it is often discharged untreated or inadequately treated.

Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification, as the increased acidity of the water can dissolve the calcium carbonate skeletons of corals, leading to coral bleaching and reduced reef growth.

Sewage pollution primarily causes eutrophication in marine ecosystems, as the excess nutrients in sewage can stimulate excessive growth of algae and other phytoplankton, leading to oxygen depletion and disruption of the marine food web.

Fishing nets, particularly discarded or lost fishing gear, are often found entangled around marine animals, such as sea turtles, dolphins, and whales, causing injury, entanglement, and sometimes death.