Cost-effectiveness is not typically considered a challenge in language testing, as it is more of a practical consideration.

Validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Concurrent validity is not a type of validity, as it refers to the relationship between two tests that are administered at the same time.

Reliability refers to the consistency of a test over time or across different administrations.

Internal consistency is not a type of reliability, as it refers to the homogeneity of a test.

Authenticity refers to the extent to which a test reflects real-world language use.

Validity is not a challenge associated with authentic assessment, as it is a measure of the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Interpretation refers to the process of making inferences about a test taker's ability based on their test scores.

Formative interpretation is not a type of interpretation, as it refers to the use of test results to provide feedback to learners.

Test design refers to the process of developing a language test.

Writing test items is not a step in the test design process, as it is part of the test development process.

Test administration refers to the process of administering a language test.

Collecting test materials is not a responsibility of the test administrator, as it is typically done by the test developer or publisher.

Test scoring refers to the process of assigning scores to test takers' responses.

Computerized scoring is not a type of test scoring, as it is a method of scoring tests.