Soil organic matter is derived from a variety of sources, including plant residues, animal manure, and microorganisms.

Humus is composed of humic acids, fulvic acids, and lignin. Clay minerals are not a component of humus.

Soil organic matter plays a vital role in soil structure by binding soil particles together, increasing soil porosity, and improving soil drainage.

Soil organic matter provides nutrients for plants, improves soil water-holding capacity, and enhances microbial activity, all of which contribute to soil fertility.

Adding compost or manure to the soil, planting cover crops, and reducing tillage are all practices that can help to increase soil organic matter content.

Mineralization is the process by which organic matter is decomposed in the soil, releasing nutrients that can be taken up by plants.

The rate of organic matter decomposition in the soil is affected by a number of factors, including temperature, moisture, and pH.

Microorganisms play a vital role in soil organic matter decomposition by breaking down organic matter into simpler compounds, releasing nutrients from organic matter, and helping to form humus.

Soil organic matter provides a number of benefits, including improved soil structure, increased soil fertility, and reduced soil erosion. It does not release harmful toxins into the environment.

Humification is the process by which organic matter is converted into humus.

Humus is dark in color, has a high cation exchange capacity, and is resistant to decomposition.

Humus provides nutrients for plants, improves soil water-holding capacity, and enhances microbial activity, all of which contribute to soil fertility.

Adding compost or manure to the soil, planting cover crops, and reducing tillage are all practices that can help to increase humus content in the soil.

Mineralization is the process by which humus is broken down in the soil, releasing nutrients that can be taken up by plants.

The rate of humus decomposition in the soil is affected by a number of factors, including temperature, moisture, and pH.