C. V. Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect.

S. N. Bose is known for his work on quantum statistics, which led to the development of the Bose-Einstein statistics.

M. N. Saha is known for his work on the Saha equation, which describes the ionization of atoms in a gas.

Homi J. Bhabha is known for his work on cosmic rays, which led to the development of the Bhabha scattering cross section.

Abdus Salam is known for his work on the Standard Model of particle physics, which led to the development of the electroweak theory.

Ashoke Sen is known for his work on string theory, which led to the development of the Sen conjecture.

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar is known for his work on black holes, which led to the development of the Chandrasekhar limit.

Abhay Ashtekar is known for his work on quantum gravity, which led to the development of the Ashtekar variables.

Jayant Narlikar is known for his work on cosmology, which led to the development of the Hoyle-Narlikar theory.

T. Padmanabhan is known for his work on astrophysics, which led to the development of the Padmanabhan metric.

Raja Ramanna is known for his work on nuclear physics, which led to the development of the Indian nuclear weapons program.

Gopal Samanta is known for his work on particle physics, which led to the discovery of the Higgs boson.

C. N. R. Rao is known for his work on condensed matter physics, which led to the development of the Rao-Aravamudan-Zunger model.

S. Ramasesha is known for his work on materials science, which led to the development of the Ramasesha-Rao model.

C. N. R. Rao is known for his work on nanotechnology, which led to the development of the Rao-Aravamudan-Zunger model.