Solar panels are used to generate electricity from sunlight, not store energy.

Batteries are the most widely used energy storage technology due to their versatility, portability, and ability to store large amounts of energy.

Pumped hydro storage is used to store large amounts of energy for long periods of time by pumping water uphill when there is excess electricity and releasing it downhill through a turbine when electricity is needed.

Flywheels store energy in the form of rotating mass. When electricity is supplied to the flywheel, it accelerates and stores kinetic energy. When electricity is needed, the flywheel is slowed down, and the kinetic energy is converted back to electricity.

Compressed air energy storage stores energy in the form of compressed air. When electricity is supplied, air is compressed and stored in an underground cavern. When electricity is needed, the compressed air is released and expanded through a turbine to generate electricity.

The main advantage of batteries is their high energy density, which allows them to store a large amount of energy in a small space.

The main disadvantage of pumped hydro storage is its limited geographical suitability. It requires a large body of water and a significant elevation difference between the upper and lower reservoirs.

Pumped hydro storage has the highest efficiency among the mentioned energy storage technologies, with an efficiency of up to 80%.

Pumped hydro storage has the longest lifespan among the mentioned energy storage technologies, with a lifespan of over 50 years.

Batteries are best suited for short-term energy storage due to their fast response time and ability to deliver high power output.

Pumped hydro storage is best suited for long-term energy storage due to its ability to store large amounts of energy for extended periods of time.

Energy storage technologies have a wide range of applications, including grid energy storage, transportation, industrial processes, and residential use.

Energy storage technologies face several challenges, including high cost, low efficiency, limited lifespan, and technical and environmental constraints.

When selecting an energy storage technology for a specific application, several factors must be considered, including energy capacity, power output, efficiency, lifespan, and cost.

Widespread adoption of energy storage technologies has the potential to provide numerous benefits, including reduced reliance on fossil fuels, increased grid stability, improved energy efficiency, and increased use of renewable energy sources.