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Proteins: The Workhorses of the Cellular Machinery

Description: Proteins: The Workhorses of the Cellular Machinery
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: biochemistry proteins cellular machinery
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What is the primary structure of a protein?

  1. A sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

  2. A chain of amino acids linked by hydrogen bonds.

  3. A chain of amino acids linked by disulfide bonds.

  4. A chain of amino acids linked by glycosidic bonds.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. This sequence determines the protein's unique properties and function.

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

  1. A regular arrangement of amino acids in space.

  2. A random arrangement of amino acids in space.

  3. A combination of regular and random arrangements of amino acids in space.

  4. None of the above.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The secondary structure of a protein is a regular arrangement of amino acids in space. This arrangement is stabilized by hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds.

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

  1. The three-dimensional structure of a protein.

  2. The two-dimensional structure of a protein.

  3. The primary structure of a protein.

  4. The secondary structure of a protein.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The tertiary structure of a protein is the three-dimensional structure of a protein. This structure is stabilized by a variety of forces, including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

  1. The structure of a protein composed of multiple subunits.

  2. The structure of a protein composed of a single subunit.

  3. The structure of a protein composed of two subunits.

  4. The structure of a protein composed of three subunits.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The quaternary structure of a protein is the structure of a protein composed of multiple subunits. This structure is stabilized by a variety of forces, including hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.

What is the function of proteins?

  1. To catalyze biochemical reactions.

  2. To transport molecules across cell membranes.

  3. To provide structural support to cells.

  4. To regulate gene expression.

  5. All of the above.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Proteins have a wide range of functions, including catalyzing biochemical reactions, transporting molecules across cell membranes, providing structural support to cells, and regulating gene expression.

What are the different types of proteins?

  1. Enzymes.

  2. Structural proteins.

  3. Transport proteins.

  4. Regulatory proteins.

  5. All of the above.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

There are many different types of proteins, including enzymes, structural proteins, transport proteins, and regulatory proteins.

What are enzymes?

  1. Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

  2. Proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes.

  3. Proteins that provide structural support to cells.

  4. Proteins that regulate gene expression.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions. They speed up the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy.

What are structural proteins?

  1. Proteins that provide structural support to cells.

  2. Proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes.

  3. Proteins that regulate gene expression.

  4. Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Structural proteins provide structural support to cells. They include proteins such as collagen, keratin, and elastin.

What are transport proteins?

  1. Proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes.

  2. Proteins that provide structural support to cells.

  3. Proteins that regulate gene expression.

  4. Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Transport proteins transport molecules across cell membranes. They include proteins such as ion channels, pumps, and carriers.

What are regulatory proteins?

  1. Proteins that regulate gene expression.

  2. Proteins that transport molecules across cell membranes.

  3. Proteins that provide structural support to cells.

  4. Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Regulatory proteins regulate gene expression. They include proteins such as transcription factors, repressors, and activators.

What are the different levels of protein structure?

  1. Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

  2. Primary, secondary, and tertiary.

  3. Primary and secondary.

  4. Primary only.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

What is the difference between a protein and an amino acid?

  1. A protein is a chain of amino acids.

  2. An amino acid is a chain of proteins.

  3. A protein is a single amino acid.

  4. An amino acid is a single protein.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A protein is a chain of amino acids. An amino acid is a single molecule that is used to build proteins.

What is the role of proteins in the body?

  1. They help to build and repair tissues.

  2. They help to transport molecules.

  3. They help to regulate chemical reactions.

  4. They help to fight infection.

  5. All of the above.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

Proteins play a vital role in the body. They help to build and repair tissues, transport molecules, regulate chemical reactions, and fight infection.

What are some examples of proteins?

  1. Enzymes.

  2. Hormones.

  3. Antibodies.

  4. Collagen.

  5. All of the above.


Correct Option: E
Explanation:

There are many different types of proteins, including enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and collagen.

How are proteins made?

  1. They are synthesized in the ribosomes.

  2. They are synthesized in the nucleus.

  3. They are synthesized in the mitochondria.

  4. They are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes. The ribosomes read the genetic code in messenger RNA (mRNA) and assemble amino acids into a protein chain.

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