The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately 2.99 x 10^8 meters per second, which is a fundamental constant in physics.

The Law of Reflection states that when a light ray strikes a surface, the angle at which it is reflected is equal to the angle at which it struck the surface.

Refraction is the phenomenon of bending of light when it passes from one medium to another, such as from air to glass or from glass to water.

A convex lens, also known as a converging lens, causes light rays to converge to a single point, known as the focal point.

The focal length of a lens is typically measured in meters, representing the distance between the lens and the point where light rays converge.

A telescope is an optical instrument designed to magnify distant objects, allowing us to observe celestial bodies and faraway objects.

Dispersion is the phenomenon of splitting of light into its component colors, such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, when it passes through a prism or other transparent material.

The Law of Refraction states that when a light ray passes from one medium to another, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence.

Diffraction is the phenomenon of the bending of light around an object, causing it to spread out and create patterns.

A concave lens, also known as a diverging lens, causes light rays to diverge away from a single point.

The power of a lens is typically measured in diopters, which is the reciprocal of the focal length in meters.

A spectrometer is an optical instrument used to measure the wavelength of light, allowing us to analyze the composition of light sources.

Interference is the phenomenon of the combination of two or more light waves to create a new wave pattern, resulting in constructive or destructive interference.

The Law of Refraction, also known as Snell's Law, states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant, known as the refractive index.