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Neural Basis of Theoretical Neuroscience

Description: This quiz covers the fundamental concepts and principles related to the neural basis of theoretical neuroscience, exploring the intricate relationship between the brain's structure and function in supporting cognitive processes.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: theoretical neuroscience neural basis cognitive processes brain structure and function
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Which of the following is NOT a primary component of a neuron?

  1. Dendrites

  2. Axon

  3. Soma

  4. Synapse


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Synapses are specialized junctions between neurons, not components of individual neurons.

The process by which neurons communicate with each other is known as:

  1. Action Potential

  2. Synaptic Transmission

  3. Neurogenesis

  4. Long-Term Potentiation


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Synaptic transmission is the primary mechanism of communication between neurons.

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around:

  1. -70 mV

  2. -50 mV

  3. -30 mV

  4. -10 mV


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is typically around -70 mV.

The rapid transmission of electrical signals along an axon is facilitated by:

  1. Sodium-Potassium Pump

  2. Neurotransmitters

  3. Myelin Sheath

  4. Synaptic Cleft


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The myelin sheath insulates the axon, increasing the speed of electrical signal transmission.

The primary neurotransmitter involved in excitatory synaptic transmission is:

  1. Dopamine

  2. Serotonin

  3. Glutamate

  4. GABA


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.

The process by which long-term changes in synaptic strength occur is known as:

  1. Long-Term Depression

  2. Long-Term Potentiation

  3. Synaptic Pruning

  4. Neurogenesis


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Long-Term Potentiation is a process that strengthens synaptic connections over time.

The primary function of the cerebellum is related to:

  1. Memory Formation

  2. Emotional Regulation

  3. Motor Coordination

  4. Sensory Processing


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The cerebellum is primarily responsible for coordinating and regulating motor movements.

The hippocampus is a brain region critical for:

  1. Decision-Making

  2. Attention Control

  3. Language Processing

  4. Memory Formation


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The hippocampus is essential for the formation and consolidation of memories.

The default mode network is a collection of brain regions active during:

  1. Task-Focused Attention

  2. Emotional Processing

  3. Resting State

  4. Sensory Perception


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The default mode network is active during the resting state when the brain is not engaged in specific tasks.

The process of integrating sensory information from multiple sources is known as:

  1. Multisensory Integration

  2. Sensory Adaptation

  3. Sensory Gating

  4. Sensory Transduction


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Multisensory integration is the process of combining information from different sensory modalities.

The phenomenon of perceiving a continuous object despite brief interruptions in its visual presentation is known as:

  1. Apparent Motion

  2. Gestalt Perception

  3. Motion Aftereffect

  4. Phi Phenomenon


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Phi Phenomenon is the perception of continuous motion from a series of discrete images.

The ability to maintain attention on a task despite distractions is referred to as:

  1. Selective Attention

  2. Sustained Attention

  3. Divided Attention

  4. Alternating Attention


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Sustained attention is the ability to focus on a task for an extended period.

The process of retrieving information from long-term memory is known as:

  1. Encoding

  2. Consolidation

  3. Recall

  4. Recognition


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Recall is the process of retrieving information from long-term memory without external cues.

The capacity of working memory to temporarily store and manipulate information is referred to as:

  1. Long-Term Memory Capacity

  2. Short-Term Memory Capacity

  3. Working Memory Capacity

  4. Cognitive Load


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Working memory capacity is the amount of information that can be held in working memory at one time.

The process of making decisions based on uncertain or incomplete information is known as:

  1. Deductive Reasoning

  2. Inductive Reasoning

  3. Heuristic Processing

  4. Risk Assessment


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Heuristic processing is a cognitive shortcut used to make decisions quickly and efficiently.

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