Brahmagupta, a renowned Indian mathematician of the 7th century, is widely recognized for introducing the concept of zero and its use in mathematical operations.

The Sulba Sutras are known for their contributions to geometry and measurement, particularly in the context of constructing altars and performing Vedic rituals.

Pingala's Chandahshastra focuses on the study of poetic meter and rhythm in Sanskrit literature, providing a framework for analyzing and composing verses.

The Madhyamaka school of Buddhist philosophy, founded by Nagarjuna, emphasizes the concept of 'shunyata' or emptiness, asserting that all phenomena are devoid of inherent existence.

Panini's Ashtadhyayi is known for its descriptive approach to Sanskrit grammar, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the structure and rules of the language.

The Bakhshali Manuscript is a significant find, containing a collection of mathematical problems and their solutions, providing insights into ancient Indian mathematical practices.

The concept of 'maya' in Indian philosophy, particularly in Advaita Vedanta, refers to the illusory nature of the world, contrasting it with the ultimate reality of Brahman.

The Tirukkural, authored by Thiruvalluvar, is a renowned work of Tamil literature, providing ethical teachings and moral guidance on various aspects of life.

The concept of 'nirvana' in Buddhism signifies the ultimate goal of liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth, leading to a state of enlightenment and inner peace.

The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is a profound text exploring metaphysical questions, discussing the nature of reality, consciousness, and the relationship between the individual and the universe.

The concept of 'dharma' in Indian philosophy encompasses moral duty, religious rituals, social order, and cosmic law, emphasizing the interconnectedness of individual actions and the well-being of society and the universe.

The Arthashastra, attributed to Kautilya, is a treatise on statecraft, political science, and economic policy, offering insights into ancient Indian governance and administration.

The concept of 'karma' in Indian philosophy emphasizes the relationship between actions and their consequences, highlighting the ethical and moral implications of one's deeds.

The Rigveda, one of the four Vedas, is a collection of hymns and prayers dedicated to various deities, offering insights into ancient Indian religious practices and beliefs.

The concept of 'moksha' or 'mukti' in Indian philosophy encompasses liberation from the cycle of rebirth (samsara), attainment of enlightenment, union with the divine, and the experience of eternal bliss.