Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of speech sounds, including their production, transmission, and perception.

Phonology is the study of the sound system of a language, including the rules that govern how sounds are combined and how they change in different contexts.

Speaker identification is the process of determining the identity of a speaker based on their voice characteristics, typically through the analysis of speech recordings.

Visual analysis is not typically used in speaker identification, as it involves the examination of facial features and body language, which are not directly related to voice characteristics.

Accent refers to the distinctive way of speaking that is characteristic of a particular region or social group, and it is influenced by factors such as geographical location, ethnicity, and social class.

Accent identification is the process of determining the geographical origin of a speaker based on their accent, typically through the analysis of speech recordings.

Visual analysis is not typically used in accent identification, as it involves the examination of facial features and body language, which are not directly related to accent.

Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society, including how language is used in different social contexts and how it varies across different social groups.

Voice profiling is the process of analyzing speech recordings to extract information about the speaker's identity, accent, and other characteristics, such as their age, gender, and emotional state.

Lie detection is not a common application of phonetics and phonology in forensic linguistics, as it involves the analysis of speech patterns and behaviors that are not directly related to voice characteristics.

Forensic linguistics is the study of the relationship between language and the law, including the analysis of speech and written text in legal contexts.

Audio forensics is the process of analyzing speech recordings to determine the authenticity of a recording or to identify instances of tampering, such as editing or splicing.

Handwriting analysis is not a common type of forensic linguistic analysis, as it involves the examination of handwriting samples rather than speech recordings.

Psycholinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and thought, including how language is processed and represented in the mind.

Lie detection is the process of analyzing speech recordings to identify instances of deception or谎言, typically through the analysis of speech patterns and behaviors that are associated with lying.