Charvaka is an ancient Indian materialist philosopher who is considered the father of humanism in India. He advocated for a hedonistic and naturalistic approach to life, emphasizing the importance of pleasure and the rejection of supernatural beliefs.

Indian humanism is centered around the pursuit of pleasure and the rejection of suffering. It emphasizes the importance of living a life that is free from pain and full of enjoyment.

The Lokayata Sutras are considered the primary source of Charvaka philosophy. They contain a collection of aphorisms and arguments that expound on the materialist and hedonistic worldview of the Charvaka school of thought.

According to Charvaka, the primary goal of human existence is to experience pleasure and avoid pain. He believed that pleasure is the highest good and that pain is the greatest evil.

Gautama Buddha advocated for a middle path between hedonism and asceticism, known as the Noble Eightfold Path. He taught that the pursuit of pleasure alone leads to suffering, while extreme asceticism is also harmful. Instead, he emphasized the importance of moderation and balance.

Dukkha, or suffering, is the central concept in Gautama Buddha's philosophy. He taught that all existence is characterized by suffering and that the goal of life is to achieve liberation from suffering.

According to Gautama Buddha, the ultimate goal of human existence is to achieve liberation from suffering. He taught that this can be achieved through following the Noble Eightfold Path, which leads to the cessation of suffering and the attainment of nirvana.

Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, advocated for non-violence and compassion towards all living beings. He taught that all living beings possess a soul and that harming any living being is a form of violence. He emphasized the importance of ahimsa, or non-violence, as a fundamental principle of ethical conduct.

Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the central concept in Mahavira's philosophy. He taught that all living beings possess a soul and that harming any living being is a form of violence. He emphasized the importance of ahimsa as a fundamental principle of ethical conduct.

According to Mahavira, the ultimate goal of human existence is to attain moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. He taught that this can be achieved through following the path of non-violence, compassion, and self-realization.

Kapila, the founder of Samkhya philosophy, advocated for the importance of knowledge and self-realization. He taught that the ultimate goal of human existence is to achieve liberation from suffering through the realization of the true nature of reality. He emphasized the importance of discrimination between the self and the non-self as a means to attain liberation.

Purusha, or the self, is the central concept in Kapila's philosophy. He taught that the self is a pure consciousness that is distinct from the material world. He emphasized the importance of realizing the true nature of the self as a means to attain liberation from suffering.

According to Kapila, the ultimate goal of human existence is to realize the true nature of reality. He taught that this can be achieved through the practice of yoga and meditation, which lead to the discrimination between the self and the non-self and the realization of the true nature of reality.

Manu, the author of the Manusmriti, advocated for the importance of duty and social responsibility. He taught that individuals have specific duties and obligations based on their social status and gender. He emphasized the importance of following one's dharma, or duty, as a means to achieve a harmonious and just society.

Dharma, or duty, is the central concept in Manu's philosophy. He taught that individuals have specific duties and obligations based on their social status and gender. He emphasized the importance of following one's dharma as a means to achieve a harmonious and just society.

According to Manu, the ultimate goal of human existence is to fulfill one's dharma, or duty. He taught that individuals should strive to live a life in accordance with their social and religious obligations, as this leads to a harmonious and just society.