Manual Traffic Control is not a component of ITS as it involves human intervention, whereas ITS aims to automate and optimize traffic management.

ATMS aims to reduce traffic congestion by optimizing traffic flow, detecting and responding to incidents, and providing real-time traffic information to drivers.

DSRC is a wireless communication technology specifically designed for ITS applications, providing low-latency and reliable communication between vehicles and roadside infrastructure.

CAVs have the potential to significantly improve road safety by eliminating human error, reducing the risk of accidents, and enabling safer and more efficient traffic flow.

ATIS provides real-time traffic information to drivers through various channels such as in-vehicle displays, mobile apps, and roadside message signs.

PTMS aims to improve the efficiency and reliability of public transportation systems by optimizing schedules, coordinating routes, and providing real-time information to passengers.

ETC allows drivers to pay tolls electronically using devices such as transponders or mobile apps, eliminating the need to stop at toll booths.

IPMS aims to optimize parking availability and utilization by providing real-time information on parking spaces, guiding drivers to available spots, and enabling electronic payment for parking.

ACC uses sensors to monitor the distance to the vehicle ahead and automatically adjusts the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe following distance.

TSCS aims to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion by optimizing the timing and coordination of traffic signals based on real-time traffic conditions.

ATIS provides drivers with real-time information about road conditions, weather, and potential hazards through various channels such as in-vehicle displays, mobile apps, and roadside message signs.

PCDS uses sensors and cameras to detect pedestrians and cyclists in the vicinity of vehicles, alerting drivers to their presence and helping to prevent accidents.

V2V and V2I communication allows vehicles to share information about their speed, position, and trajectory, enabling them to form platoons and improve traffic flow.

IDRS uses sensors, cameras, and communication technologies to detect traffic incidents in real-time and provide timely response by dispatching emergency services and implementing traffic management strategies.

APS uses sensors and actuators to control the vehicle's steering, acceleration, and braking, enabling it to park itself in designated parking spaces without driver input.