Aryabhata (476-550 CE) is widely regarded as the father of Indian physics and mathematics. He made significant contributions to astronomy, trigonometry, and arithmetic.

The Surya Siddhanta, an astronomical text dating back to the 4th or 5th century CE, contains the earliest known description of the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

C. V. Raman (1888-1970) was the first Indian to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of the Raman effect, which involves the inelastic scattering of light by molecules.

S. Chandrasekhar (1910-1995) was an Indian-American physicist who made significant contributions to the study of black holes and the theory of general relativity. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1983 for his work.

Aryabhata, named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer, was India's first artificial satellite. It was launched in 1975 and was used for studying the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is the national space agency of India. It is responsible for the country's space program, including the development and launch of satellites, rockets, and spacecraft.

Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar mission, launched in 2008. It successfully orbited the Moon and conducted various scientific experiments, including mapping the lunar surface and studying its composition.

M. S. Swaminathan (1925-2020) was an Indian agricultural scientist known for his work on the green revolution and agricultural productivity. He is credited with helping to increase food production in India and other developing countries.

Apsara was India's first nuclear reactor, built in 1956 at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in Mumbai. It was a small research reactor used for neutron activation analysis, isotope production, and radiation therapy.

Ashoke Sen (born 1956) is an Indian physicist known for his work on string theory and quantum gravity. He has made significant contributions to the understanding of black holes, branes, and other aspects of string theory.

Tejas is India's first indigenous fighter jet, developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL). It is a lightweight, multirole fighter designed for air-to-air and air-to-ground combat.

T. Jacob John (1931-2016) was an Indian virologist and epidemiologist known for his work on the development of the polio vaccine. He played a crucial role in the National Polio Eradication Program in India, which led to the eradication of polio from the country.

Param 8000 was India's first supercomputer, developed by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in 1991. It was a parallel processing supercomputer with a peak performance of 8 gigaflops.

Homi J. Bhabha (1909-1966) was an Indian nuclear physicist known for his work on cosmic rays and the discovery of the pion. He was also the founder of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in Mumbai.

INS Arihant is India's first indigenously developed nuclear-powered submarine, launched in 2009. It is a ballistic missile submarine capable of carrying and launching nuclear missiles.