Structural change refers to the long-term shifts in the composition of an economy, such as the movement of workers and resources from one sector to another.

The service sector, which includes industries such as retail, finance, and healthcare, has grown significantly in recent decades, while the manufacturing sector has declined in many countries.

Industrialization refers to the process by which a country's economy shifts from being primarily agricultural to being primarily industrial.

Deindustrialization refers to the process by which a country's economy shifts from being primarily industrial to being primarily service-based.

Structural change in an economy can be driven by a variety of factors, including technological change, changes in consumer preferences, and government policies.

Structural change in an economy can lead to a number of potential benefits, including increased productivity, higher wages, and more job opportunities.

Structural change in an economy can also lead to a number of potential challenges, including job losses in declining industries, income inequality, and regional disparities.

Governments can help to mitigate the negative effects of structural change in an economy by providing retraining programs for workers in declining industries, investing in infrastructure and education, and implementing policies to promote regional development.

The Kuznets curve is a graph that shows the relationship between economic growth and income inequality. It typically shows that income inequality increases in the early stages of economic growth, but then decreases as economic growth continues.

The Lewis model of economic development is a model that explains how economic growth leads to structural change. It argues that economic growth leads to a shift of labor from agriculture to manufacturing and then to services.

The Rostow model of economic development is a model that explains how economic growth leads to structural change. It argues that economic growth occurs in five stages: traditional society, preconditions for takeoff, takeoff, drive to maturity, and age of high mass consumption.

The Solow model of economic growth is a model that explains how technological change leads to economic growth. It argues that economic growth is driven by technological progress, which leads to increases in productivity.

The Harrod-Domar model of economic growth is a model that explains how government policies lead to economic growth. It argues that economic growth can be stimulated by government investment in infrastructure and education.

The endogenous growth model is a model that explains how technological change leads to economic growth. It argues that economic growth is driven by endogenous factors, such as research and development, rather than exogenous factors, such as natural resources.